Color Healing Therapy

                              Color Healing Therapy 

Purpose:

Color therapy, also known as chromatherapy , has been around since ancient times.  In a therapeutic aspect, it is used to balance an individual where energy is lacking, whether it is an emotional, spiritual, physical, or mental problem.  In a more scientific aspect, color therapy is used to stimulate the body’s healing process and treat many diseases.

How it works:

      Red is associated with energy, empowerment, and stimulation.  It is used for circulation and stimulation of red blood cell production. 

 Orange is associated with pleasure, enthusiasm, and sexual stimulation.  It is used as an antibacterial agent and to ease digestive discomforts. 

 Yellow is associated with wisdom and clarity.  It is used as a decongestant, antibacterial agent, and for the digestive and lymphatic systems. 

 Green is associated with balance and calmness.  It is used for treatment of ulcers, as an antiseptic, a germicide, and as an antibacterial agent. 

 Blue is associated with communication and knowledge.  It is used to eliminate toxins, and treat liver disorders and jaundice. 

 Indigo is associated with sedative qualities, calmness, and intuition.  It is used to control bleeding and abscesses. 

 Violet is associated with enlightenment, revelation, and spiritual awakening.  It is used to soothe organs, relax muscles, and calm the nervous system

Warm colors are generally used for illnesses of weakness, and cool colors are commonly used for illnesses of excess.  Vibrationsfrom the colors are believed to balance the individual.  Chakras are areas of the body associated with certain colors.  When an individual is experiencing a problem with a certain area of the body, different colors work to heal the associated chakra.  There are seven chakras associated with the body.

 The first chakra is associated with the color red and is located at the base of the spine. 

 The second chakra is associated with the color orange and is located at the pelvis and groin area. 

 The third chakra is associated with the color yellow and is located at the solar plexus. 

 The fourth chakra is associated with the color green and is located at the heart. 

 The fifth chakra is associated with the color blue and is located at the throat. 

 The sixth chakra is associated with the color indigo and is located at the brow. 

 The seventh chakra is associated with the color violet and is located at the crown of the head.

  There are different methods to administer color therapy to a patient.  One method is colored body wraps, where the individual is wrapped in a cloth of the necessary color to treat their ailment.  Another method is eating certain colors of food, or drinking water from a colored glass that has sat in the sunlight for a certain amount of time. 

        The scientific aspect of color therapy explains that color therapy works through the regulation of the pineal gland.  The pineal gland contains melatonin and serotonin.  Melatonin is associated with sleep, whereas serotonin is associated with wakefulness.  When an individual produces too much melatonin, they can suffer from depression.  Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that’s action is linked with mental disturbances, such as schizophrenia and hallucinogenic states.

        Max Luschner, a professor of psychology at Basle University, states that the significance of color originated in early history when behavior was governed by day and night (the colors yellow and dark blue respectively).  He believes that differences in metabolic rate and glandular secretions are due to color, and autonomic responses in the body are involved with color.

Claims

        There are many claims to color therapy’s healing abilities.  Among them are therapy helps cure:

 heart disease                                              cancer

 osteoporosis                                                menstrual problems

 depression                                                  jaundice in premature babies

 dyslexia                                                        migraines

 snoring                                                         rheumatoid arthritis

    injured tissue                                                addictions

    eating disorders                                           impotence

    sleeplessness                                              psychological benefits

Safety

Color therapy is relatively safe.  If someone is planning on trying color therapy they should visit a qualified practitioner.  Too much exposure to one color can cause problems in an individual’s health.  The color red should be handled with the most caution, because it can lower resistance to pain, increase blood pressure, and cause changes in heart and brain function.  Pregnant women should be careful with color therapy also because color can affect the embryonic cell structure.  Color therapy should not be used as a substitute for conventional treatment of any physical disease

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Primo Vascular System

                         Primo Vascular System

Primo Vascular System: Past, Present, and Future

What is Primo Vascular System (PVS)? Let us take a journey through oriental medicine in a time machine. Over the past 2000 years, acupuncture and moxibustion in Chinese medicine have been developed based on the concept of the meridian system; however, the anatomical reality of the meridian system has been controversial in various aspects. Even today, the meridian system is still being investigated with well-known anatomical structures. Among them, connective tissues called the fascia system are representative ones for which the putative function of the meridian system has been established and is understood.

A fundamental insight into the acupuncture meridian system and its novel anatomical structures was conceived by Kim in the 1960s. According to his idea, the meridian system has the role of circulating DNA microparticles, named “Signals,” with several hormones independently from the cardiovascular and the lymph systems. In the 1970s, Fujiwara tried to duplicate and verify Kim’s findings; however, his works have also been neglected. Since 2002, Soh’s group at Seoul National University, Republic of Korea, has tried to verify the findings of Bonghan Kim’s work, and they found much evidence suggesting that Bonghan Kim’s ideas on the acupuncture meridian system are reasonable.

At present, what do we study about the PVS? to answer this question and for insight into current works on this novel system, we have a new special issue, Primo Vascular System, in which we have published several research papers and a few review articles. The research papers can be classified as those directly related to the function of PVS and those focusing on the discovery of this new PVS. Representative articles in the former category are the C. H. Leem group’s stem cell work “Expression of stem cell markers in primo vessel of rat,” and K.-S. Soh group’s endothelial cell work “Discovery of endothelium and mesenchymal properties of primo vessels in the mesentery.” In the latter category are the works of Y. H. Ryu laboratory “Primo vascular system accompanying a blood vessel from tumor tissue and a method to distinguish it from the blood or the lymph system” S. Z. Yoon’s medical team “Composition of the extracellular matrix of lymphatic novel threadlike structures: is it keratin?”and B.-C. Lee’s laboratory “Evidence for the primo vascular system above the epicardia of rat hearts.” Also, a Chinese team led by X. Jing has published a very meaningful idea that the PVS could represent artifacts from pathological conditions “Preliminary research of relationship between acute peritonitis and celiac primo vessels,”but another Chinese team led by W.-B. Zhang has suggested via heparin treatment that the PVS might have real anatomical structures “Study on the formation of novel threadlike structure through intravenous injection of heparin in rats and refined observation in minipigs.” Based on these data, admittedly, at present, for the PVS to be established absolutely, an international exchange is needed.

In the future, what will we study about the PVS? Based on our long research careers, we editors suggest the following areas of study to establish an international unified consensus for the novel system that is called the Primo Vascular System:(1)the establishment of the Primo Vascular System in terms of a novel circulation system,(2)the concept of “Sanal” and the relationship between stem cells and Sanals,(3)the involvement of Sanals in cancer metastasis,(4)The potential of the PVS in the brain for diagnosing and treating degenerative brain diseases.

Now let us think of “time” by leaving the time machine. Time really flows in only one direction, toward the future! Thus, our research minds should be directed beyond the past and the present and toward the future. With free, dedicated efforts toward human-oriented holistic medicine, we should be able to build a real evidence-based alternative medicine. Given the present circumstances, a new circulation concept, the Primo Vascular System, is waiting for us to establish fully its potential for benefitting all mankind in ways not previously known.

Visualization of the Primo Vascular System,a Putative Cancer Metastasis Thread Afloat in a Lymph Duct

Because of the potential roles of the primo vascular system (PVS) in cancer metastasis, immune function, and regeneration, understanding the molecular biology of the PVS is desirable. The current state of PVS research is comparable to that of lymph research before the advent of LYVE-1. There is very little knowledge of the molecular biology of the PVS due to difficulties in identifying and isolating primo endothelial cells. Present investigations rely on the morphology and the use of differential staining procedures to identify the PVS within tissues, making detailed molecular studies all but impossible. To overcome such difficulties, one may emulate the explosive development of lymph molecular biology. For this, one needs a reliable method to obtain PVS specimens to initiate the molecular investigation. One of the most reliable methods is to detect the PVS afloat in the lymph flow. The protocols for observation of the PVS in large lymph ducts in the abdominal cavity and the thoracic cavity were reported earlier. These methods require a laparectomy and skillful techniques. In the current work, we present a protocol to identify and harvest PVS specimens from the lymph ducts connecting the inguinal and the axillary nodes, which are located entirely in the skin. Thus, the PVS specimen is more easily obtainable. This method is a stepping stone toward development of a system to monitor migration of cancer cells in metastasis from a breast tumor to axillary nodes, where cancer cells use the PVS as a survival rope in hostile lymph flow.

Primo Vascular System in Human Umbilical Cord and Placenta

The primo vascular system (PVS) has been observed in various animals such as mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, swine, and cow, but not in humans. In this work, we report on the observation of a human PVS on both the epithelial fascia and inside the blood vessels of the umbilical cord (UC). The main morphological characteristics of the primo vessels (PVs) and primo nodes (PNs) from the human UC were in agreement with those of the PVS in various animal organs, including the thicknesses and the transparency of the PVs, the sizes of the PNs, the broken-line arrangement of the rod-shaped nuclei, the sparse distribution of nuclei, and the presence of hollow lumens in the central inner parts of the PNs. It was rather surprising that the human PV was not thicker than the PVs from small animals. The difference between the PVS and blood/lymph vessels was confirmed using immunofluorescence staining of von Willebrand factor, CD31, LYVE-1, and D2-40. The positive expression of the PVS to proliferating cell nuclear antigen, a cell-proliferation marker, was consistent with the recent finding of very small embryonic-like stem cells in the PVS of mice.

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The Healing Labyrinth path

The Healing Labyrinth Path
Metaphor for Life
Metaphorically, labyrinths reflect the path of illness and recovery. Despite the many uncertainties and changes of directions, if we are diligent and stay the course, we will arrive at our goal. This is one of the most common insights reported by labyrinth walkers.
There are numerous books which use a literary metaphor to compare the healthcare system to a maze, in which the patient gets lost and becomes fearful and isolated. In a maze we do indeed lose ourselves, but in a labyrinth, we find ourselves. Walking a labyrinth is a type of pilgrimage, which takes us within, not just to the center of the design, but to our own center. That's where inner healing takes place. The labyrinth leads where science cannot enter.
Self-Care
Inner healing has many levels and aspects. It differs from person to person. With inner healing, there can be no standard dose, no specific regimen. Inner healing defies and baffles scientific method, but it is effectively embraced by the labyrinth. For this reason, labyrinths meet people wherever they are emotionally, spiritually, psychologically, leading them gently forward to the next step, and then the following step, and then the step beyond that.
Historically, healthcare settings and treatment modalities have been designed and controlled by men. As a result, they were largely impersonal, left-brained, and masculine, reflecting social, economic, and scientific influences. The movement toward more personal, patient-centered care has been directed mostly by women. Labyrinth walking fits into this softer paradigm. Being intensely personal, right-brained, feminine, and spiritual, labyrinths make a unique contribution to holistic healthcare, broadening its reach.
One group in need of self care are the employees and staff at health clinics and hospitals, who are frequently under a lot of stress. Staff retention is a major emphasis, as good people are hard to replace in today's marketplace. Labyrinths can offer a tool to help staff members cope with their important responsibilities.
Scientific Verification
For 30 years, Herbert Benson at Harvard University has championed the physiological benefits of meditation, which he calls the "relaxation response." He clearly shows that meditation slows breathing, heart, and metabolic rates, and lowers elevated blood pressure more effectively than drugs. As a form of walking meditation, the labyrinth produces the same verifiable results.
Ultimately, however, one cannot use the measurements of outer healing to adequately measure or verify inner healing. I am certain that careful, double blind experiments will show that labyrinth walking results in shorter recovery times, better attitude and compliance to treatment requirements, and fewer complications. Nevertheless, the use of labyrinths should not depend on scientific verification..
The fact that science and labyrinths speak different languages is a great benefit, not a detriment. Working together they address the complete person, physically and spiritually. Labyrinths offer an accessible, cost-effective, pro-active spiritual technology that does what science cannot do. They overcome the inadequacies of the reductionist paradigm. Even in cases where outer healing fails, inner healing can still take place. Hence, hospices are beginning to discover the benefits of using labyrinths. Working in concert, medicine, design, environment, and labyrinths offer a whole that greatly exceeds the sum of its parts.
Photo, right: A labyrinth we installed for West Clinic, Memphis, TN.
One View of Healing
In physical healing, we can see the bone mend, or the drugs interact with the body, but observation is not explanation. Often we give our observed phenomenon a name. When we see cells reproducing out of proportion, we label that behavior "cancer." To then say that the phenomenon happens because the patient has cancer, is to give cause to what is really an observation of the effect. The cause is metaphysical, beyond the physical, beyond explanation and understanding. The best that medicine, science, and even design and environment can do is to organize the external elements that have shown to be effective and then hope that healing follows. Statistics demonstrate that often healing does result, but sometimes, in identical situations, it doesn't.
Healing is not mechanical, it is spiritual. Just as scientific medicine organizes the physical elements, so does the labyrinth organize the experiential and spiritual elements that facilitate inner healing. From walking the labyrinth can come joy, hope, calm, balance. To the extent that the external malady reflects an internal, spiritual malaise, the labyrinth also offers outer healing. Labyrinths represent a methodology available to healthcare facilities to address critical non-physical circumstances. How? Being ancient and archetypal, labyrinths touch us at a very deep level. They take us far beyond the rational mind and the intellect, which are so highly valued by science, to our inner essence. Ultimately, all healing is spiritual, and the labyrinth is a spiritual technology.
Cost
Labyrinth Enterprises, LLC, (www.labyrinth-enterprises.com, 800-873-9873) is the world's leading full-service labyrinth resource. Services range from lectures, training, consulting and design to on-site labyrinth installation. Having made more than 750 labyrinths, our prices range from a few thousand dollars to well into six figures. For institutions such as churches, schools, and hospitals, we have developed a proprietary method with polymer concrete (no stain or paint, it's all concrete), resulting in a concrete labyrinth that is extremely durable and low-maintenance. We also offer portable fabric labyrinths for indoor use, with prices beginning at $2,200.
Our mission is to get labyrinths into the world. We support our mission through the services described above. The subject of labyrinths in healthcare settings is far broader than I have been able to cover in this brief monograph. It will be the subject of my next book on labyrinths. Meanwhile, my hope is that you, the reader, will get a glimpse of the potential value of labyrinths and inform yourself further about this fascinating and important spiritual technology. The future has arrived. 

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Labyrinths: Spiritiual Technology for Inner Healing

Labyrinths: Spiritiual Technology for Inner Healing

The labyrinth as a path of healing

Amdist the stressors in life,people are searching for holistic healing. The labyrinth, a   path for walking meditation,has been introduced as a way to deal with life stressors.

Labyrinth are being built in hospitals ,school,parks and prisons.What is the impact of walking the labyrinth on participants? This presentation demonstrated ways in which the effect of labyrinth walking are consistent with qualities associated with healing.Although healing is a personal and unique experience ,there are qualities of healing that are consistently described in the literature.In this poster presentation ,the relationship between "labyrinth effects,"as described by labyrinth walkers,and the healing process was shown.Individuals who have walked labyrinths in various setting have shared their response to the experience .Using the Labyrinth walk Questionnaire (Rhodes,2006),over 500 reports of the effects of walking the labyrinth have been completed. 

Review of the reports has shown the positive relationship of response with definition of healing presented here - data collected for real-life labyrinth walks rather than control  

situation - support the efficiency of the labyrinth as a path of healing.Result show a positive relationship of response with definition of healing in the holistic nursing literature.For a majority of walkers (66%-82%) labyrinth walking increased levels of relaxation ,clarity ,peace ,centeredness,openness,quiet, and reflectiveness , and reduced levels of anxiety ,stress and agitation.The experience of labyrinth walking supports recovery,renewal,integration of the whole person,and facilitating a sense of harmoney.

A Vision of the Future
Within the next decade or two, labyrinths will become standard and valued features of healing environments. Indeed, the process is well under way, with labyrinths at more than 60 healthcare facilities across the country, led in 1997 by California Pacific Medical Center in San Francisco (photo).
The day will be soon be upon us in which no progressive architect will design a healthcare facility without including a meditation labyrinth. The day is not far off when patients, staff members, and doctors will insist that their existing facility install a labyrinth.
Unicursal Design
"Labyrinth" and "maze" are often used interchangeably, referring to everything from tall hedges to video games, from designs in corn fields to a popular David Bowie movie. Meditation labyrinths are a different genre, however, in that they have a single path (hence, "unicursal") which leads unerringly, though circuitously, to the center, with no intersections or dead ends.
In this monograph, "labyrinth" exclusively pertains to unicursal meditation labyrinths. The diagram to the right illustrates the unicursal Chartres Cathedral labyrinth design.
Experientially, there is a vast difference between a maze and a labyrinth. A maze confuses, distresses, excites, and terrifies, whereas a labyrinth calms, heals, comforts, and balances.
Inner Healing
Since science deals exclusively with the visible, observable, and quantifiable, scientific medicine, in turn, takes a reductionist approach, seeking to alleviate symptoms by prescribing drugs or surgery.
Labyrinths effectively address that area ignored by the scientific paradigm, namely, inner healing. Only in recent years has the medical community turned its attention to health design, environment, and patient-centered care, recognizing that the subjective and amorphous qualities of inner healing, such as attitude, state of mind, and beliefs, have an enormous effect on the effectiveness of a patient's treatment and recovery. More and more, patients themselves are demanding that inner healing be given equal emphasis to outer healing.
The new more holistic direction of healthcare has been largely passive, dealing with the color of walls, the view from the windows, and the design of home-like architecture. All are meant to calm and to comfort. Labyrinths, too, calm and comfort. Labyrinths represent the next step forward, in that they are active, not passive. They offer something the patient can do. In fact, labyrinths are pro-active, promoting well-being not just for patients, but for staff, health providers, doctors, visitors, and even the local community.
Use in Hospitals
A recent article about the labyrinth at Mid-Columbia Medical Center in Oregon quotes CEO Mark Scott as stating that the labyrinth complements the use of chemotherapy and radiation in cancer treatment. In verification, a cancer patient agreed that walking the labyrinth gave her a sense of confidence and control over her treatment. Attitude towards one's treatment process (inner healing) has been shown to be a significant factor in the efficacy of that treatment (outer healing).
Three Rivers Community Hospital, also in Oregon, invites the local community to use their labyrinth. Programs have included a women's cancer support group, hospice butterfly release,
survivors' labyrinth walk, holistic nurses retreat, candlelit memorial service, Spears Cancer Center walk, Day of Renewal walk, domestic violence awareness walk, Rotary Club walk, volunteer chaplaincy program, and more.
The labyrinth at California Pacific Medical Center is just outside the waiting room. Inside, there is a sign and brochures describing how to walk the labyrinth. Surgeons sometimes walk the labyrinth before performing an operation, to calm themselves. Nurses send anxious patients and family members to walk the labyrinth, reporting that they return more relaxed and focused.
Labyrinths can be used by both individuals and groups, either without guidance or as part of a specific program, such as dealing with AIDS, supporting the cancer journey, relieving grief or loss, or examining one's priorities.
Photo, right: Portable canvas labyrinth in use at St. Luke's Hospital, St. Louis, MO.

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WEDELIA GLAUCA (ORTEGA)

                                WEDELIA GLAUCA (ORTEGA)

(ASTERACEAE): POISONOUS WEED 

INTRODUCTION

Wedelia is a flowering plant genus in the sunflower family. They are one of the genera commonly called "creeping-oxeyes".

Wedelia glauca (Ortega) O. Hofmm ex Hicken (Asteraceae), the species was native of Chile, South America and widely spread in Argentina, South Brazil and Uruguay. It is considered a poisonous weed and its toxicity is due to presence of hepatotoxic terpionod, atractyloside. Further, it is commonly known as, Agricultural plague in Argentina. So far India is concern this species was firstly recorded from Tiruppur, Coimbatore, from Tamil Nadu of South India (Aloke Bhattacharya et al., 1995) & also reported in the field of Sugarcane crop from Urun-Islampur of Walwa taluka of Sangli district of Maharashtra (Salunkhe et al., 2002). Plant collection made during floristic survey of Walwa taluka in Sangli district of Maharashtra, author came across an interesting weed population of Wedelia not only in sugarcane crop but also occurs in the field of Chili, Tomato and Wheat crop from Urun-Islampur area, taluka place of Walwa near about 1.5 Km. from Islampur city. Its occurrence in above crops from Sangli district forms new distributional areas and spread in variety of crops and becomes naturalized in Maharashtra. It is recent introduction to this region, possibly through Cucumis or Tomato seeds. A detailed field observations, description and illustration are provided here to facilitate its easy identification for Botanist, veterinarians and Agriculturalist. Examined specimens deposited in the Herbarium, Department of Botany, K.R.P. Kanya Mahavidyalaya, Islampur, District Sangli.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Field Observations: Wedelia is well growing as a weed in the various crops including sugarcane, Wheat,
Tomato, Chili and Brinjal. It is spread nearly one and half square kilometer field area. It is considered as
poisonous to domestic animals and human and showing toxic effect if it consumes the sheep, goat, cattle,and cows.
Intoxication by present weed, cattle and cows as well as grazing sheep and goat are found to be sudden
death after eating. Generally, the foetus gets aborted a few hours after consumption even if it accidently
mixed with other forage. The growth and density of the crop plants becomes reduced, stunted in highly
affected area. It is also found that, the total yield of crop is reduced & the fruit smell of tomato and brinjal
are badly affected so market value is lower down. There is no anyone association of other weed in the
field even the Cynadon is common weed in black soil in this region.

DESCRIPTION
Annual or perennial stoloniferous herbs; about 18-30 cm. in height. Stem erect, glabrous, sparsely hirsute
with longitudinal striations. Leaves simple, opposite, sessile about 8-11 cm. oblong-lanceolate, glabrous
to scabrous with minutely hairs; hairs gland based apprising, base narrow with 2-3 or often 2 dentate teeth
and acuminate apex, entire margin towards apex, slightly dentate at lower side. Flowers in pedunculate
solitary, terminal or axillary heads; peduncle about 1.5-3 cm. long. Heads hemispherical to companulate
about 1 -1.8 x .7-1.5 cm. Involucral bracts 2-3 seriate; inner is membranous and outer is leafy. Receptacle
flat or convex, scales prominent. Ray florets carpellate with one row, fertile or sometimes sterile, ligulate.
About .8-1.5 cm. long, limb elongate. Corolla yellow. Disc florets bisexual, tubular, 5-lobed. Anthers
auriculata or truncate base, ovate or slightly acute apex and exserted. Style branched, filiform, hairy
outside. Achenes about .4-.6 cm. obovoid, compressed, angled and glabrous, flattened in ray florets. Disc
usually hairy, 4-angled, compressed and thick. Papus short or lacerate scales with 2 minute awns, awns
absent in ray florets.

Conclusion
Present study pertains present status of poisonous weed & shown that it is badly affected on crop growth,
yield and vegetable market. Present weed adversely affects on the socio-economic status of farmers in this
region. It needs wide publicity and documentation for farmers veterinarians and agriculturist to find out
the proper solution on weed eradication. Further, it is helpful for correct identification of weed.

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Wedelia trilobata

                                 Wedelia trilobata

The manufacture and clinical evaluation of herbal remedies and/or their constituents have made it possible to transform traditional medicine into a modern industry capable of making a significant contribution to the delivery of healthcare [1]. Many medicinal plants contain large amounts of antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds such as phenols and flavonoids. Phenolic compounds are a
group of plant metabolites that have numerous beneficial activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti- bacterial, antimutagenic, anti-viral and antioxidant properties [2]. This revival of interest in plant derived drugs is mainly due to the current widespread belief that “green medicine” is safe, and clinically effective, better tolerated by patients, less expensive and globally competitive [3,4]. Use of
medicinal plants is becoming popular in United States and Europe [5] and in most of the developing world, plants or herbal products have forever played important roles in the treatment of wounds, intestinal problems, coughs and sneezes, general torpor etc [6].

Ethnopharmacological Uses

The aerial parts of this plant are used in traditional medicine in the Caribbean and Central America against bronchitis, colds, abdominal pains, dysmenorrheal [13], and even as a fertility enhancer [14].
In folk medicine, it is employed to treat backache, muscle cramps, rheumatism, stubborn wounds, sores and swellings, and arthritic painful joints [15]. The Miskito Indians of eastern Nicaragua use leaves for treatment of kidney dysfunctioning, cold, stingray wounds, snakebite, purge and
amenorrhea [16,17]. Coe and Anderson (1996) reported that fruits, leaves and stem are used in childbirth and in the treatment of bites and stings, fever and infection [14]. W. trilobata, was utilized in Hong Kong as a substitute for W. chinensis, a traditional Chinese medicine used for the treatment
of the common cold, hepatitis, indigestion and infections [18]. In Trinidad and Tobago, used for reproductive problems, amenorrhea, dysmenorrheal [19]. It is used for the treatment of fever and malaria in Vietnam [20]. Unpublished reports indicate that aqueous infusion has been employed locally and empirically in Southern part of Brazil in the management of diabetes. In fact, it is popularly referred to as insulina due to its observed antidiabetic properties [20]. Flowers and leaf part of the plant were used in the ladies for the purpose of amenorrhea, childbirth, abortion and to clear the placenta after birth [21,22]. The literature review reveals that the fresh entire plant is used as molluscicidal activity, antibacterial and antimycobacterial activity [21].

Pharmacological Activities

Several is  the pharmacological activity of W. trilobata.

Antidiabetic Activity

Male albino rats with diabetes induced by the administration of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg, i.v.) were treated with oral administration of W. trilobata (50 mg/kg). was found to reduce blood glucose levels and improved weight gained which was accompanied by a marked restoration of this.

Antileishmaniasis activity

 Kaurenic acid (ent-kaur-16-in-19-oic), isolated from the Venezuelan plant W. trilobata was evaluated on Leishmania (V) braziliensis both in vivo and in vitro. The compound had a lethal effect on axenic amastigotes and promastigotes with LD50 of 0.25 and 0.78 μg/ml, respectively, in 24 h. Additionally, a 70% reduction was observed in the size of the skin lesions in Balb/c mice with no evident toxic effect. The results indicated that this compound has a potent leishmanicidal effect on L. (V.) braziliensis [34].

Anti-inflammatory activity

Ethanol extract of leaf, stem and flower (0.5 mg/ml) of W. trilobata was evaluated for its in vitro anti-inflammatory using albumin denaturation, membrane stabilization assay and proteinase inhibitory assay.
All the three extracts were effective in inhibiting heat induced albumin denaturation. Maximum inhibition 87.14% was observed from leaf extract followed by stem (86.76%) and flower (61.63%). All the extracts were effective in inhibiting the heat induced hemolysis. The extracts inhibited the heat induced hemolysis of RBCs to varying degree. The maximum inhibitions 78.11% from the leaf extract followed by the stem (74.17%) and flower (58.74%). The W. trilobata ethanolic extract exhibited significant antiproteinase activity from stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (94-80%) [35].

Antioxidant activity

Ethanol extract of leaf, stem and flower (0.5 mg/ml) of W. trilobata was evaluated for its antioxidant activity by measuring the scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. It was observed that ethanol extract of the leaf of W. trilobata offered higher different parts. The maximum inhibition was observed from leaf ethanolic extract (84.19%), in decreasing order was stem (81.84%) and flower ethanolic extract (67.17%) [27]. The ethyl alcohol and water extracts of W. trilobata flowers were used to treat RAW 264.7 macrophage, which induced inflammation by LPS. In the nitric oxide assay, the extracts of W. trilobata flower had better inhibitory ability against LPS
induced inflammation [45].

Wound healing activity

An ethanolic extract of W. trilobata leaves was subjected to column chromatography. Hexane, ethyl acetate (WEA) and chloroform:methanol (50:50) (WCM) fractions were obtained. The fractions were tested using relevant in vitro wound healing assays. WEA (3 μg/mL) promoted fibroblast L929 viability up to more than 90% before and more than 85% after hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress. WEA (3 μg/mL) induced a 70% migration rate in the in vitro scratch assay and the collagen content was increased to 261 μg/mL compared to the control (57.5 μg/mL) [47].

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Wedelia Chininsis (Asteraceae)

                  Wedelia Chininsis (Asteraceae)

Introduction

A natural origin drugs play an important role in the public health care of any country. World health organization (WHO) has recommended the evolution of the effectiveness of plants in condition where there is a lack of safe synthetic drugs. Wedelia chininsis (osbeck) Merill, Asteraceae is a drug of natural origin (Herbal Medicine) and is most popular herbal medicine used in various medical system like Ayurvedic, siddha , Unani system of medicine.

Phytochemistry

Extensive studies have been carried out on W. chininsis. Chemical components isolated from the plants are as follows:

The expressed juice of the herb contained an oil soluble black dye, 11.2;Tannin 220; Carotene, 1.14; Chlorophyll ,3.75; Saponin (contradictory report) ,500;phtosterol, 3.75;Waxy compound, 27.5;Resin 44; chloroform extract (Resinous mass) 27;Gum, 80; Total sugar 1040/100 g juice;In Chines analysis showed the presence of an Alkaloid in the stems ,leaves and flowers.the leaves contain isoflavaniods and Wedelolactone (I) (0.05%).

The leaves contain Isoflavaniods , Bisdesmosidic, oneolic acid spinins and wedelolactone [18,19,22,43]

norwedelolactone (II) has been isolated from alcoholic extract of leaves [20,22], Norwedelic acid(III) (5,6-dihydroxy-2) (2',4',6' trihydroxyphyenyl)-benzoforan-3-carboxylic acid [18,22].

Pharma logical Uses

Although a lot of pharmalogical  investigations have been carried out based on the ingredients present but a lot more can be explored,expoloited and utilized.A summery of finding these is described below:

Hepatoprotective

The alcoholic extract of whole plant W. Calenduleceae exhibited protective activity against carbon tetracholorid - examination of the lever showed a marked improvements in groups receiving W.chininsis. It further conforms the heptaprotective effect of W.chininsis.All pharamalogical and histophatlogical effects with compared with Bupleurum chinies DC.(Family Umbellifearae) a well documented antihepatotatoxicity herb.it was concluded that W.chininses has a definite heptaprotective effect against liver injuries.the ethyl acetate soluble-fraction of the drug W.chininses exhibited antiheptatotoxic activity in assays employing ccl4-GalN-Phalloidin cytotoxicity in rat heptocutes.It showed a significant simulatory effect on liver cell regeneration[24].The coumestans showed the hepatoproctive effect against paracetamol induced hepatic injury.

Wound Healing

the effect of an aqueous extract of the leaves of W.calendulecea less,on wound healing in open and sutured wound modulus was discovered and found to be significant.The wound healing efficacy of ethanolic leaf extract from W.chininses was evaluated in exicision, incision and dead space wound models.its ethanolic extract was found to posses significant wound healing activit, which was evidence of decrease in the period of epithelialization ,increase in the rate of wound contraction,skin breaking strength , granulation tissue strength and its breaking strength.

Adaptogenic and antistress

The effect of alcoholic extract of W.chininses leaves were evaluated on stress induced changes in brain neurotransmitters and enzyme monoarime oxidase levels in Albino rats.The extract were found to possess normalizing against cold immobilization stress induced changes in norepinephrine (NE),dopamine (DA),5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT),5-hydroxy indole acetic acid (5-HIAA) and enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO).The results obtained provide biochemical evidence for anti stress activity of the tested extracts.

Anthelmintic and febrifuge anticonvulsant 

W. chinensis has been used as Anthelmantic and febrifuge.The anticonvulsant activity of ethanolic and aqueous extract of whole plant of W.chinensis at a dose level to 250,500 750 mg/kg b.w, p.o.

was performed in mice by using MES and PTZ methods. It was concluded that Wedelia chinensis extracts may have potential  anticonvulsant activity[45].

Antibacterial and antimicrobial

The cytotoxicity and anti bacterial activity of petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts of calendulaceawere assayed by brine shrimp lethality bioassay and standardization disk diffusion method against 19 bacterial strains at a dose of 500 pico g/disc.The crude petroleum ether ,chloroform and methanol extracts showed antibacterial activity [22,49].The methanol extract from W.chinensis showed antibacterial activity against test organism with the zones of inhibition ranging from 8-17 mmand the acetone extracts shows the zone ranging from 8-13 mm. 

 

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Benefits of Exercise

                             Benefits of Exercise

You know exercise is good for health,but do you know how good? How exercise can active you all the day?

If you want to feel better,live long,and remains active all the day,have more energy then exercise is the good way for you.We can't ignore the health benefits of regular exercise and physical activity.

Need more convincing to exercise?

Read below steps and benefits of exercise that improve your life.

1. Exercise improves your mood

 If you feel tired and feel upset after a stressful day, Exercise and some walk can improve your mood.Physical activity stimulates various brain chemicals that may feel you more happier and more relaxed.You may feel better about your appearance and yourself when you exercise regularly,which can boost your confidence and self esteem.

  2.  Exercise boosts energy

Regular exercise boosts your energy and your muscle and boost your endurance.Exercise and physical activity deliver oxygen and nutrients to your tissue and help your cardiovascular system work more efficiently , you have more energy to avoid your daily chores.

  3.  Exercise controls weight 

Exercise can help to prevent excess gain weight or help maintain weight loss.If you don't exercise regularly then you gain weight and become a fatty person, and you as well know every person hats fatty persons.Every one wants to become smart and look handsome,So Daily exercise is the best way to maintain your body and looks smart. If you can't do an actual workout then get more active trough the day by simple ways -by taking the stairs instead of elevators and do your work on home.

 4.   Exercise resists disease and maintain health

Worried about high blood pressure or worried about heart disease?No matter what your current weight, Being active and boosts high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or good cholesterol and decrease unhealthy activities.This easy steps keep your blood flowing smoothly, which decrease your risk of cardiovascular disease.

 5.   Exercise can be fun

Exercise and physical activity can be a fun way to spend some time .it gives you a chance to unwind, enjoy the outdoors activity and engage in activity that make you happy .Find a physical activity that you can enjoy,So take a dance class,join the soccer team or hit the hiking trails and just do it, if you feeling board from that games then try some new.

  Exercise and physical activity are a great way to gain  health,feel better, control from disease and have fun.If you want to maintain your health ,loos weight 30 mints exercise every day is enough but if you exercise daily 1 hour it is the best.

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10 Easy Ways to Fit in Exercise

                      10 Ways to Fit in Exercise

The word E can make you dull ,but exercise is really necessary.Besides, it can be fun:

             Learn how to maintain your fitness in your busy day.

The benefits of regular exercise are unrivaled: Physical activity can help you to loose your weight and prevent from diseases,including heart disease and diabetes.Being fit can also help you stay mentally sharp.

While most people know they should exercise but you may not know how to start and how to remain fit into your daily busy life.

An ideal fitness routine also include resistance or weight training to improve muscle strength and endurance.The doctors recommended that most adult engage in resistance training at least twice a week.

Finding Fitness: 10 Ways to Get in Exercise 

Sometimes the problem isn't motivation - its simply finding the time.but schedule exercise isn't much difficult as you might think. Here are 10 ways to get you moving more often:

1. Be less efficient.    People typically try to think of ways of daily routine life to make easier. but if we can make them harder, we can get more exercise .An American doctor says that "Bring in the groceries from your car one bag at a time so you have to make several trips .
2. Shun labor-saving device.    wash the car by hand rather than taking it to the car wash."it takes an hour and half hour to do a good job.and in the mean time you have gotten great exercise," Merrill says. Use a push mower rather than a ridding mower to groom your lawn.
3. Going somewhere ? Take the long way.       walking up or down a few flights of stairs each day can be good for your heart. Avoid elevators whenever possible.if you ride the bus or subway to work, get off a stop before the office and work the extra distance. When you go to the mall or a grocery store, Park furthest from the entrance, not as close to it as you can, and you'll get few extra minutes to walking. American doctors says,Walking is great because anyone can do it no extra equipment is required other then a properly fitting pair of a good sneakers.
4. Be a Morning Person.     studies show that people who exercise in the morning are more likely to strict it rather than other.Can we exercise after a hard day work? Probably not .so that's why we exercise daily in the morning  and remain all the day fresh .
   
5. Ink the deal.   Weather morning, afternoon, or evening pick the time that is most convenient for you to exercise and write it down in your daily planner.keep your exercise routine as you would keep any appointment.
6. Watch your steps.   Investing in a good pedometer can help you stay motivated."if you have a pedometer attached to your waist and you can see how many steps you have taken.you 'll see it doesn't take so long to walk 5,000 steps  and you will be inspired."
7. Hire the right help.      While weight training is important. if you don't know what are you doing, you run the risk of injuring yourself or not being effective.Merrill says, it's best to get instructions from a personal trainer in the gym or to buy a DVD about instructions.
   
8. Keep record.         Buy  a dairy or a logbook,  and everyday that you exercise,write it down on your notebook what you did and for how long. Your records will make it easy to see what you've accomplished and make you more accountable.Blank pages?? you'd be ashamed.
9. Phone a friend.    Find someone who likes the same activity that you do.Walking in  the neighborhood,riding bikes ,playing tennis ,running ,walking and make a date to do it together.."Exercising  with a friend or in a group will be very motivating." Buy an MP3 Player and listen your favorite songs while exercising.
   
10.  Do what you like.     Whatever exercise you choose ,be assure its one you've enjoy.You're more likely to stick with it if its something you've fun doing rather then something you see as a chore.

If you can't fit 30 minutes a day into your schedule, get more exercise simply by being less efficient with your chores a adding a little extra working distance everywhere you go.

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