Sugar: should we remove it from our diet?

Sugar seems to have advanced a recognition because the huge awful wolf almost about fitness. Clinical data these days have said on severa studies associating sugar consumption with expanded developing older, cardiovascular ailment, weight troubles or maybe most cancers. Such research has delivered about many health professionals around the world calling for reductions in endorsed sugar intake, with some announcing we have to cut out sugar actually. However is it certainly that terrible for our fitness? We check out.

Placed in reality, sugar is a crystalline carbohydrate that makes ingredients flavor sweet. There are many wonderful kinds of sugar, such as glucose, fructose, lactose, maltose and sucrose - additionally called table sugar.

A number of the ones sugars, which includes glucose, fructose and lactose, occur virtually in quit result, vegetables and special ingredients. However some of the food we devour consist of "introduced" sugars - sugar that we upload to a product ourselves to enhance the taste or sugar that has been introduced to a product with the aid of a producer.

The most common assets of brought sugars consist of tender drinks, cakes, pies, chocolate, fruit drinks and desserts. Only a unmarried can of cola can consist of as much as 7 tsps of delivered sugar, even as a mean-sized chocolate bar can contain up to 6 tsps.

It is introduced sugars which have been referred to as a contributor to many fitness problems. In December 2014, MNT stated on a observe in the magazine Open coronary coronary heart claiming delivered sugars might also additionally boom the hazard of immoderate blood stress, even greater so than sodium. And in February 2014, a look at led by using using the facilities for illness manage and Prevention (CDC) associated high introduced sugar consumption with stepped forward risk of demise from cardiovascular illness (CVD).

Possibly most strongly, delivered sugars have been associated with the massive growth in weight issues. In the US, extra than a 3rd of adults are obese, while the charge of formative years weight troubles has greater than doubled in kids and quadrupled in children over the past 30 years.

Are we turning into hooked on sugar?

In useful resource of those institutions is Dr. Robert Lustig, a pediatric endocrinologist on the university of California-San Francisco and creator of the e-book fats danger: The Hidden reality approximately Sugar, who claims sugar is a "poisonous" substance that we have become hooked on.

A 2008 take a look at with the aid of the use of researchers from Princeton university, NJ, located rats used to ingesting a immoderate-sugar food plan displayed signs and signs and symptoms of binging, craving and withdrawal whilst their sugar intake changed into decreased.

A lady tempted with the aid of chocolate
Dr. Lustig: "We need to wean ourselves off. We need to de-sweeten our lives. We want to make sugar a treat, not a eating regimen staple."
"We want to wean ourselves off. We need to de-sweeten our lives. We need to make sugar a deal with, not a diet staple," Dr. Lustig informed The mother or father in 2013.

"The food company has made it into a eating regimen staple due to the fact they recognize once they do you buy extra," he brought. "that is their hook. If a few unscrupulous cereal manufacturer went out and laced your breakfast cereal with morphine to get you to shop for greater, what might you agree with you studied of that? They do it with sugar instead."

In her famous blog, Goop, Gwyneth Paltrow cites sugar addiction as one of the reasons she determined to stop sugar absolutely.

"the lowest line is that sugar works the addiction and reward pathways in the mind in a good buy the same way as many illegal capsules," she writes. "Sugar is essentially a socially acceptable, felony, leisure drug with deadly effects."

information display that we are honestly a country of introduced-sugar fans. According to a record from the CDC, adults inside the US ate up round thirteen% of their total each day calorie intake from added sugars among 2005-2010, even as sixteen% of children's and youngsters' wellknown calorie intake got here from delivered sugars amongst 2005-2008.

Those ranges are nicely above the ones presently advocated via WHO, which state we should devour no greater than 10% of total each day energy from "loose" sugars - every genuinely taking vicinity sugars and people which may be added to merchandise through manner of the producer.

In 2013, but, MNT mentioned on a examine through Prof. Wayne Potts and pals from the college of Utah, claiming that even consuming added sugars at advocated tiers may be dangerous to health, after finding that such tiers decreased lifespan in mice.

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         5 Yoga Poses a good way to slender You Down

Yoga is a stated pressure buster, however it is also one of the handiest workout routines for preventing cussed fat stores, particularly those that crop up after age forty. Sure, you could use yoga for weight reduction. The purpose: research display that yoga lowers levels of stress hormones and will boom insulin sensitivity—a signal for your body to burn meals as gasoline in preference to keep it as fats. The following yoga poses for weight loss will do simply that at the equal time as firming up your fingers, legs, butt, and abs. Start now to look weight loss outcomes in as little as three weeks. (Cinch your waist and get toned during with Prevention's Flat belly Yoga DVD.)

workout at a look

What you want: A yoga mat or carpeted area
a way to do it: comply with this routine as a minimum 3 times each week, preserving every flow into 1 time for three to 5 deep breaths, besides in any other case noted. Start with the primary float for each exercising. If it's too hard, do the Make It less tough version. If it's not tough enough, try the Make It tougher alternative. For quicker consequences, keep each pose for 5 to 8 breaths and growth repetitions (wherein mentioned) through 2 or three.

Crescent

(groups abs, hips, and thighs)

Stand with feet together, toes forward, and fingers at sides. Inhale and raise fingers overhead, reaching fingertips toward ceiling. Exhale, and bend ahead from hips, bringing arms to floor (it is ok to bend knees). Inhale, and as you exhale, step proper leg back right right into a lunge (left knee bent about 90 degrees, knee over ankle; proper leg extended and on ball of foot). Inhale and lift palms overhead; gaze ahead. Hold, then move lower back to status and repeat, stepping left leg decrease lower back.


Make it greater tough:
From give up function, inhale and arch torso, arms, and head backward, gazing at fingertips.
Make it much less difficult: decrease right knee to touch floor as you step decrease again into a lunge, and rest hands on left thigh.

Willow
(firms sides of abs)

Stand with ft together, arms at aspects. Place sole of left foot on interior of proper thigh, knee bent to aspect. Contact arms in the front of chest for 2 breaths. On 1/three inhale, amplify arms up, fingertips toward ceiling. Exhale, and bend torso to left. Inhale and straighten. Repeat 3 to five instances, pressing foot into thigh; transfer factors.
Make it simpler: preserve left foot on calf or touch ft to floor for stability.
Make it greater difficult: near eyes as you balance and bend.

Greater: 25 thoughts everybody Has In Her First Yoga class

Rocking Boat
(firms abs and lower back)

sit with knees bent, feet on floor, arms on thighs. With torso straight and head in step with frame, lean lower back approximately 45 degrees, raising feet so calves are parallel to floor, ft pointed. On an inhale, enlarge legs and arms, preserving legs collectively. Exhale, and as you inhale, lower torso and legs three to four inches so frame bureaucracy a miles broader V form. Exhale and lift torso and legs. Repeat 3 to 5 times.
Make it easier: maintain backs of thighs with palms and preserve legs bent. Lower torso best.
Make it harder: as soon as in the wider V role, amplify arms overhead.

Hover
(groups shoulders, fingers, abs, and returned)

start in push-up role on feet with arms immediately, palms underneath shoulders, and body in line from head to heels. On an exhale, decrease chest closer to floor, bending elbows decrease again, palms near body, abs tight. Hold some inches above ground.
Make it simpler: start on arms and knees and stroll palms beforehand until body is in line from head to knees.
Make it harder: on the equal time as keeping the hover, carry left leg 6 to 12 inches, pause, and lower. Do 3 to 5 instances, then switch legs.

Extra: 6 Yoga Stretches To Wake You Up

Chair
(companies butt and thighs)

Stand with ft together, feet forward, arms at sides. Inhale and lift palms overhead, palms dealing with every one of a kind. Exhale and sit down decrease lower back approximately forty five stages, keeping knees behind ft and abs tight to help your back; gaze ahead.
Make it much less difficult: Do the pass with feet hip-distance apart, palms on thighs, and bend only approximately 30 tiers.
Make it tougher: while you sit lower lower back, elevate heels off floor, balancing on balls of toes (knees is probably in front of ft); gaze up at fingertips.

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Agnolo Bronzino

                  Agnolo Bronzino

BIOGRAPHY

Agnolo di Cosimo Bronzino was born to a negative family in Monticello, out of doors of Florence. Agnolo was introduced to portray at age eleven, through the Florentine painter Raffaellino del Garbo, and at age 12 have become the scholar of Pontormo. Agnolo and Pontormo were inseparable, living and operating together for the next decade, their patterns almost indistinguishable. Through about 1530 Bronzino had moved far from Pontormo's worried sensibility and advanced an art and profession impartial of his grasp. His new fashion became first obvious in his portraits. For Bronzino, a portrait changed into a masks. Rather than revealing the sitter's character, the Florentine aimed to bring his concern's social standing, elegance, and discretion. Bronzino expressed the cloth international in his graphics; the enameled colors and attention to depicting information like his sitters' lace collars, hair, and jewelry, and even the veins in their arms gave his images a far off decorativeness.

As court docket painter to Cosimo I de' Medici, first Grand Duke of Tuscany, Bronzino additionally painted religious works, which he approached with the identical cool detachment as his pics. Among 1546 and 1548, Bronzino lived in Rome. His allegorical paintings motivated younger Manicurist painters with their distorted poses, exaggerated expressions, and emphasis on movement. In his later paintings, Bronzino discarded his frozen passion, conceiving his public paintings as cumulative presentations of his encyclopedic information of art history and his talent for assimilating it into his very own works.

Creation of Agnolo di cosimo

 Agnolo Bronzino, whose actual call became Agnolo di Cosimo and is most usually referred to as Il Bronzino or actually Bronzino, become a stand-out artist of the second one-wave of Italian Mannerism inside the center of the 16th century. He lived his whole life in Florence and modeled his portray style so closely to that of his mentor, Jacopo Pontormo, that art historians nowadays nonetheless debate the credit score of several art work.

Succeeding in which Pontormo had now not, Bronzino finally have become courtroom painter to the effective Medici own family of Florence and received notoriety for his portraiture fashion that meshed a detached realism depicting bloodless and regularly conceited expressions of his noblemen sitters with bold coloring such as ice blue and raspberry red. His pix have confirmed to be his primary legacy and stimulated portraiture portray for a century following his death in 1572.

Bronzino took the standards developed by Pontormo and ran with them. The end result was pics that had been immaculately practical in element, with his topics exuding blank, stoic expressions, yet with a experience of the Aristocracy and haughtiness. His use of color is on the whole what units Bronzino's fashion aside from Pontormo's and earned him a permanent place among the extremely good Italian Mannerists.

Agnolo Bronzino inventive Context

The Mannerist movement developed around 1520 in both Florence or Rome and replaced the excessive Renaissance technology. It lasted until around 1580 with the emergence of the Baroque fashion. Early Mannerist painters include Andea del Sarto, Jacopo Pontormo and Rosso Fiorento and such artists are regarded for their elongated forms and theatrical lighting fixtures.

Mannerism combines numerous patterns and is heavily influenced by means of the confined naturalism associated with painters such Raphael, Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci. This, Mannerism is known for its synthetic rather than naturalistic traits.

Mannerist images by using Agnolo Bronzino are prominent by using a nonetheless sophistication and outstanding interest to detail. Bronzino centered closely on the garb and materials featured in his works and this changed into often stated to create a gulf among the subject and viewer.

Agnolo Bronzino Biography

Early Years:

Bronzino was born November 17, 1503, inside the metropolis of Monticello out of doors Florence to a bad circle of relatives. He commenced his artwork training at the age of 11 as a student of Raffaellino del Garbo, a Florentine Renaissance painter. In 1515 Bronzino undertook an apprenticeship in Florence with the person who could turn out to be his largest creative affect and, a few say, adopted father: Jacopo Carucci, better called Pontormo.

In 1522 when Bronzino turned into 19 years old, the plague broke out in Florence so he and Pontormo left the coronary heart of the city to avoid the Black dying and stayed 3 miles away at Certosa di Galuzzo, a cloistered Carthusian monastery.

Middle Years: 

In 1925, Pontormo known as upon his scholar to help with what could be his masterpiece: Deposition from the move. This altarpiece changed into painted within the Florentine church of Santa Felicità. Pontormo became commissioned to decorate the complete church with frescoes and in a testimony to Pontormo's consider in and affection for Bronzino he allowed him to assist him over again.

Bronzino fled to Urbino after the Siege of Florence in 1530 after being invited there by means of the Duke of Urbino to color a nude Cupid on a spandrel of a vault of the Imperial. Quickly after he arrived, Pontormo wrote letter after letter asking Bronzino to come back returned. Yet, a prince at Urbino was so inspired with Bronzino's painting that he commissioned him to paint his portrait. Once it changed into finished, Bronzino rejoined his instructor in Florence.

Advanced Years: 

As Bronzino began to be recognized for his images, the nobility in Florence took word. He became the respectable portraitist for the Medici and shortly went to paintings portray the graphics of the ruling circle of relatives participants, which he is now in large part recognized for, and which is Bronzino's finest contribution to Mannerism.


Bronzino had many students as he labored as court painter, a role he fulfilled until his death, but none as preferred as Alessandro Allori. In a circulate that reflected his courting with Pontormo, Bronzino followed Allori as his son. Bronzino moved into the Allori circle of relatives residence and died there on November 23, 1572, on the age of sixty nine.

Agnolo Bronzino style and approach

artwork historians have frequently struggled to discover the paintings of sixteenth-century Italian Mannerist Bronzino because of the reality that he is notorious for adopting Pontormo's fashion so well that the author of some paintings remains debated.

Portraiture style: 

common phrases used to describe Bronzino's portraiture fashion are cold, calculated, unemotional, detached, fantastically sensible and with immaculate interest to element, specially while portray complicated garb styles and fabrics. He molded his faces and our bodies into an nearly 3-dimensional effect in preference to acting flat on the canvas. His images capture the conceitedness of excessive society that have become en style throughout the sixteenth century.

Bronzino's portraiture style became so famous that it influenced courtroom portraiture all through Europe and for hundreds of years to return.

Spiritual and Allegorical fashion: 

Bronzino's spiritual works are commonly marked by complex compositions and contorted frame positions, an influence of each Pontormo and Michelangelo. Yet, Bronzino lacked the passion that Pontormo oozed in his non secular art work meaning they frequently seemed emotionally empty despite the fact that the craftsmanship turned into glaring.

Chiaroscuro: 

Bronzino used this approach to convey attention to the mild-coloured figures inside the painting in order that they stood out from the dark heritage.

Allegories: 

Bronzino's allegory artwork closely used symbolism and, like many of his non secular works, made use of the naked human shape.

Method: 

Bronzino's painting technique is extremely managed and meticulous. His brushstrokes seem non-existent, which gives his works, specially his photos, a really sensible, almost lifestyles-like look.

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How sound effects and heal?

How sound effects and heal?

This is the first article I will be writing in a series devoted to the growing field of sound healing. Before going into the science, technique, theories and practices surrounding the therapeutic use of sound in the series, it’s important to introduce the basic principles of sound healing, name a few pioneers in the field and more important address how sound and music (i.e. organized sound and silence) affects people. Lastly, I’ll start to discuss how you can become more conscious in your own process as an artist, producer and/or composer.

Vibration and Frequency

Everything around us is vibrating. It’s easy to forget that any objects we perceive as solid or not ‘alive’ are actually vibrating. It may be at a very slow pace, beyond our sense of movement, but the atoms and molecules that make up rocks and trees and man-made goods are moving energy. Nothing is at rest.

Low to High Frequency Sweep.

Everything has a frequency. We attract and repel people with our energy or individual frequency. We can think of our individual frequency as a tone or a harmony of tones unique to us. Inside our bodies, our organs, bones and cells vibrate at their natural frequencies. Frequencies are measured in Hertz, just like we see in our equalizer controls whether they be hardware or software based. The longer and more spread out the wave, the lower the sound and the closer together the waves are, the higher the sound.  

Dr. Peter Guy Manners completed extensive clinical research with the help of medical doctors and clinical researchers starting in 1940 to pinpoint the natural resonant frequencies or ‘biosignatures’ of our healthy tissues organ systems. Since then, tools and instruments have to been developed to help feed the body with these frequencies to help balance the body.

Dr Tomatis Listening and Evaluation device.

Dr. Tomatis a French physician and auditory neurophysiologist believed our ear drives and affects our entire nervous system and depending what we are listening to, music or otherwise, will dictate our energy level and sense of well-being. He experimented with different music including high frequencies, and/or low frequencies to see how they affect the brain and the patient overall. By studying Benedictine monks in France, he observed how important the monk’s chanting was to their overall health and well-being. When the daily chanting ritual was taken away from them for a short time, most fell ill before the singing was reintroduced to their full recovery. Don Campbell, in his book ‘The Mozart Effect,’ studied how listening to Mozart boosted the brain capacity, focus and spatial reasoning of the listener while they were studying or answer questions. More and more evidence and study is coming out all the time about the power of sound and music to well-being.

The study of the visible representations of vibrational sound is called Cymatics. This research was pioneered by Dr. Hans Jenny who played tones at different frequencies through a vibrating plate filled with sand. As he swept through tones and frequencies, you could see the sound arrange itself into distinct geometrical patterns, or mandalas, showing the unique visual imprint of each tone. Every sound we hear has an imprint.  

Dr. Hans Jenny Experiments with Cymatics.

Noise Kills and Music Heals

With this in mind there are certain sounds, when heard and visualized, that can harm and also heal. Distorted, irregular cymatic patterns of loud noise and harmful electro-magnetic energies can disrupt the healthy vibrational patterns of our bodies causing disease. The patterns of these harmful sounds even look jagged and irregular while soothing, pure sound have beautiful geometric shapes, like snowflakes.

Every snowflake is unique.

Hearing is the first sense to develop in the womb. The vagus nerve connects our ear to every organ and muscle system in our body. Many believe what we hear is processed and carried throughout our body affecting it in a positive or negative manner, even causing change at the cellular level and that this is why music and sound with the right intention can also heal us. Sound also permeates us quickly because 70% of our bodies are made of water.  

I had the pleasure of attending a workshop with Dr. Mitchell Gaynor, a well-known oncologist who works with his cancer patients combining traditional chemotherapy with chanting, singing, guided meditation, tibetan bowl and crystal bowl therapy. He has had great success with sound healing techniques and has seen people release a great amount of psychological and physiological blockages, facilitating their healing process and recovery. Music has the power to relieve anxiety and stress while releasing endorphins and boosting our immune systems. No drugs required!

Large Tibetan Bowl.

Funadmental principles of sound healing

Resonance may be the most important principle of sound healing and has various definitions. In the context of healing humans or animals it can be described as the frequency of vibration that is most natural to a specific organ or system such as the heart, liver or lungs. This innate frequency is known as the prime resonance.All cells emit sound as a consequence of their metabolic processes. There is an interaction between the cells own sounds and those imposed by the environment, including those applied by sound healing devices. The resonance principle relates to the cellular absorption of the healing sounds and/or their harmonics. In sound healing, resonance principles are employed to re-harmonize cells that have been (hypothetically) imprinted with disruptive frequencies. Such troublesome imprints may have been a result of toxic substances, emotional traumas, pathogens, or long-term exposure to noise pollution.

Another possible explanation of how sound is able to trigger the healing response relates to cellular ion channels. Situated within a cella membrane, ion channels are the means by which the cell receives nourishment and communicates with neighboring cells. In dysfunctional cells it is proposed that some of these vital channels are shut down causing cell senescence, so literally the cell is sleeping. In this hypothesis, sound opens the closed channels, supporting the cell to awaken and resume normal functioning and replication.

Dr James Gimzewski, of UCLA, California, has taken a revolutionary approach to studying cellular function. He uses an atomic force microscope, a kind of super-sensitive microphone, to listen to the sounds emitted by cells. The focus of this new science, called a sonocytology, is mapping the pulsations of the cella's outer membrane, thus identifying the song's of the cell. Gimzewski's work has revealed that every cell in our bodies has a unique sonic signature and 'sings' to its neighbors. Sonocytology is a potentially powerful, diagnostic tool for identifying the sounds of healthy cells versus those of injurious ones. But it introduces an even more exciting prospect: the ability to play the destructive sounds of rogue cells back to them greatly amplified, so that they implode and are destroyed. In this scenario there would be no collateral damage to surrounding tissue since healthy cells would not resonate with these frequencies.

Dr Gimzewski, himself a Nobel Prize winner, is one of a large number of innovative minds at work in our world that share the vision of creating modalities to assist the body to heal. Audible sound therapy may offer the greatest potential in non-invasive healing. In the years to come we may well see diagnostic and therapeutic beds that resemble a scene from the futuristic Star Trek sick bay. We will certainly see a proliferation in modalities in which sound is the governing principle. Sound heals life naturally.

It is now widely accepted that electromagnetic interactions are fundamental to the workings of biological tissues. The drawing below shows this effect diagrammatically, derived from the work of Allen & Cross 1963 and Sauer 1995. Even though the two protein molecules are not in direct contact, the oscillating electric component of the electromagnetic field (termed biophotons) causes the amino acid of protein 2 to oscillate in sympathy with the corresponding amino acid in protein 1. However, the important point to remember is that all electromagnetism is created as a direct result of sound collisions. Sound is always the precursor to electromagnetism.

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God helps those who help them selves..Always help every one!!! - Video Dailymotion

God helps those who help them selves..Always help every one!!! - Video Dailymotion

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Color Healing Therapy

                              Color Healing Therapy 

Purpose:

Color therapy, also known as chromatherapy , has been around since ancient times.  In a therapeutic aspect, it is used to balance an individual where energy is lacking, whether it is an emotional, spiritual, physical, or mental problem.  In a more scientific aspect, color therapy is used to stimulate the body’s healing process and treat many diseases.

How it works:

      Red is associated with energy, empowerment, and stimulation.  It is used for circulation and stimulation of red blood cell production. 

 Orange is associated with pleasure, enthusiasm, and sexual stimulation.  It is used as an antibacterial agent and to ease digestive discomforts. 

 Yellow is associated with wisdom and clarity.  It is used as a decongestant, antibacterial agent, and for the digestive and lymphatic systems. 

 Green is associated with balance and calmness.  It is used for treatment of ulcers, as an antiseptic, a germicide, and as an antibacterial agent. 

 Blue is associated with communication and knowledge.  It is used to eliminate toxins, and treat liver disorders and jaundice. 

 Indigo is associated with sedative qualities, calmness, and intuition.  It is used to control bleeding and abscesses. 

 Violet is associated with enlightenment, revelation, and spiritual awakening.  It is used to soothe organs, relax muscles, and calm the nervous system

Warm colors are generally used for illnesses of weakness, and cool colors are commonly used for illnesses of excess.  Vibrationsfrom the colors are believed to balance the individual.  Chakras are areas of the body associated with certain colors.  When an individual is experiencing a problem with a certain area of the body, different colors work to heal the associated chakra.  There are seven chakras associated with the body.

 The first chakra is associated with the color red and is located at the base of the spine. 

 The second chakra is associated with the color orange and is located at the pelvis and groin area. 

 The third chakra is associated with the color yellow and is located at the solar plexus. 

 The fourth chakra is associated with the color green and is located at the heart. 

 The fifth chakra is associated with the color blue and is located at the throat. 

 The sixth chakra is associated with the color indigo and is located at the brow. 

 The seventh chakra is associated with the color violet and is located at the crown of the head.

  There are different methods to administer color therapy to a patient.  One method is colored body wraps, where the individual is wrapped in a cloth of the necessary color to treat their ailment.  Another method is eating certain colors of food, or drinking water from a colored glass that has sat in the sunlight for a certain amount of time. 

        The scientific aspect of color therapy explains that color therapy works through the regulation of the pineal gland.  The pineal gland contains melatonin and serotonin.  Melatonin is associated with sleep, whereas serotonin is associated with wakefulness.  When an individual produces too much melatonin, they can suffer from depression.  Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that’s action is linked with mental disturbances, such as schizophrenia and hallucinogenic states.

        Max Luschner, a professor of psychology at Basle University, states that the significance of color originated in early history when behavior was governed by day and night (the colors yellow and dark blue respectively).  He believes that differences in metabolic rate and glandular secretions are due to color, and autonomic responses in the body are involved with color.

Claims

        There are many claims to color therapy’s healing abilities.  Among them are therapy helps cure:

 heart disease                                              cancer

 osteoporosis                                                menstrual problems

 depression                                                  jaundice in premature babies

 dyslexia                                                        migraines

 snoring                                                         rheumatoid arthritis

    injured tissue                                                addictions

    eating disorders                                           impotence

    sleeplessness                                              psychological benefits

Safety

Color therapy is relatively safe.  If someone is planning on trying color therapy they should visit a qualified practitioner.  Too much exposure to one color can cause problems in an individual’s health.  The color red should be handled with the most caution, because it can lower resistance to pain, increase blood pressure, and cause changes in heart and brain function.  Pregnant women should be careful with color therapy also because color can affect the embryonic cell structure.  Color therapy should not be used as a substitute for conventional treatment of any physical disease

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Primo Vascular System

                         Primo Vascular System

Primo Vascular System: Past, Present, and Future

What is Primo Vascular System (PVS)? Let us take a journey through oriental medicine in a time machine. Over the past 2000 years, acupuncture and moxibustion in Chinese medicine have been developed based on the concept of the meridian system; however, the anatomical reality of the meridian system has been controversial in various aspects. Even today, the meridian system is still being investigated with well-known anatomical structures. Among them, connective tissues called the fascia system are representative ones for which the putative function of the meridian system has been established and is understood.

A fundamental insight into the acupuncture meridian system and its novel anatomical structures was conceived by Kim in the 1960s. According to his idea, the meridian system has the role of circulating DNA microparticles, named “Signals,” with several hormones independently from the cardiovascular and the lymph systems. In the 1970s, Fujiwara tried to duplicate and verify Kim’s findings; however, his works have also been neglected. Since 2002, Soh’s group at Seoul National University, Republic of Korea, has tried to verify the findings of Bonghan Kim’s work, and they found much evidence suggesting that Bonghan Kim’s ideas on the acupuncture meridian system are reasonable.

At present, what do we study about the PVS? to answer this question and for insight into current works on this novel system, we have a new special issue, Primo Vascular System, in which we have published several research papers and a few review articles. The research papers can be classified as those directly related to the function of PVS and those focusing on the discovery of this new PVS. Representative articles in the former category are the C. H. Leem group’s stem cell work “Expression of stem cell markers in primo vessel of rat,” and K.-S. Soh group’s endothelial cell work “Discovery of endothelium and mesenchymal properties of primo vessels in the mesentery.” In the latter category are the works of Y. H. Ryu laboratory “Primo vascular system accompanying a blood vessel from tumor tissue and a method to distinguish it from the blood or the lymph system” S. Z. Yoon’s medical team “Composition of the extracellular matrix of lymphatic novel threadlike structures: is it keratin?”and B.-C. Lee’s laboratory “Evidence for the primo vascular system above the epicardia of rat hearts.” Also, a Chinese team led by X. Jing has published a very meaningful idea that the PVS could represent artifacts from pathological conditions “Preliminary research of relationship between acute peritonitis and celiac primo vessels,”but another Chinese team led by W.-B. Zhang has suggested via heparin treatment that the PVS might have real anatomical structures “Study on the formation of novel threadlike structure through intravenous injection of heparin in rats and refined observation in minipigs.” Based on these data, admittedly, at present, for the PVS to be established absolutely, an international exchange is needed.

In the future, what will we study about the PVS? Based on our long research careers, we editors suggest the following areas of study to establish an international unified consensus for the novel system that is called the Primo Vascular System:(1)the establishment of the Primo Vascular System in terms of a novel circulation system,(2)the concept of “Sanal” and the relationship between stem cells and Sanals,(3)the involvement of Sanals in cancer metastasis,(4)The potential of the PVS in the brain for diagnosing and treating degenerative brain diseases.

Now let us think of “time” by leaving the time machine. Time really flows in only one direction, toward the future! Thus, our research minds should be directed beyond the past and the present and toward the future. With free, dedicated efforts toward human-oriented holistic medicine, we should be able to build a real evidence-based alternative medicine. Given the present circumstances, a new circulation concept, the Primo Vascular System, is waiting for us to establish fully its potential for benefitting all mankind in ways not previously known.

Visualization of the Primo Vascular System,a Putative Cancer Metastasis Thread Afloat in a Lymph Duct

Because of the potential roles of the primo vascular system (PVS) in cancer metastasis, immune function, and regeneration, understanding the molecular biology of the PVS is desirable. The current state of PVS research is comparable to that of lymph research before the advent of LYVE-1. There is very little knowledge of the molecular biology of the PVS due to difficulties in identifying and isolating primo endothelial cells. Present investigations rely on the morphology and the use of differential staining procedures to identify the PVS within tissues, making detailed molecular studies all but impossible. To overcome such difficulties, one may emulate the explosive development of lymph molecular biology. For this, one needs a reliable method to obtain PVS specimens to initiate the molecular investigation. One of the most reliable methods is to detect the PVS afloat in the lymph flow. The protocols for observation of the PVS in large lymph ducts in the abdominal cavity and the thoracic cavity were reported earlier. These methods require a laparectomy and skillful techniques. In the current work, we present a protocol to identify and harvest PVS specimens from the lymph ducts connecting the inguinal and the axillary nodes, which are located entirely in the skin. Thus, the PVS specimen is more easily obtainable. This method is a stepping stone toward development of a system to monitor migration of cancer cells in metastasis from a breast tumor to axillary nodes, where cancer cells use the PVS as a survival rope in hostile lymph flow.

Primo Vascular System in Human Umbilical Cord and Placenta

The primo vascular system (PVS) has been observed in various animals such as mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, swine, and cow, but not in humans. In this work, we report on the observation of a human PVS on both the epithelial fascia and inside the blood vessels of the umbilical cord (UC). The main morphological characteristics of the primo vessels (PVs) and primo nodes (PNs) from the human UC were in agreement with those of the PVS in various animal organs, including the thicknesses and the transparency of the PVs, the sizes of the PNs, the broken-line arrangement of the rod-shaped nuclei, the sparse distribution of nuclei, and the presence of hollow lumens in the central inner parts of the PNs. It was rather surprising that the human PV was not thicker than the PVs from small animals. The difference between the PVS and blood/lymph vessels was confirmed using immunofluorescence staining of von Willebrand factor, CD31, LYVE-1, and D2-40. The positive expression of the PVS to proliferating cell nuclear antigen, a cell-proliferation marker, was consistent with the recent finding of very small embryonic-like stem cells in the PVS of mice.

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